EV Charging Infrastructure: Rapid Growth, Uneven Distribution Across US

EV charging station at night with a blurred background, offering eco-friendly transportation solutions.

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Widespread adoption of electric vehicles, or EVs, is a critical step in reducing carbon emissions in the United States. Transportation is America’s heaviest polluting sector, and according to the Energy Information Administration, a single gasoline powered vehicle creates nearly 12,600 pounds of greenhouse gas emissions every year – while an EV generates less than 2,800 pounds.

As a means of moving U.S. carbon emissions closer to zero, the White House, under former President Joe Biden, set a goal of having EVs account for 50% of new car sales by 2030. However, new data suggests that the previous administration may have been overly optimistic.

After three years of steady growth, EV sales slowed in the first quarter of 2024, and over the course of the year, several major EV manufacturers – including Tesla – reported lower overall sales volume than they did in 2023. Survey data also suggests that widespread adoption may remain a long way off. A study from the Pew Research Center found that 57% of adults in the U.S. said their next vehicle would not likely be an EV.

Explanations for waning public interest in EVs are varied, but one of the most commonly cited factors is a perceived lack of necessary charging infrastructure. The same Pew study found that over half all Americans are not confident that the country will build enough charging stations to support a large number of EVs. Still, while nowhere near as common as gas stations, EV charging stations are going up at a rapid rate. Government data shows that the number of EV stations has more than doubled since 2020, and that an estimated 60% of Americans now live within 2 miles of a public charger.

The rollout of EV infrastructure has not been even across the country, however, and some states are far better equipped to accommodate EV owners than others.

Using data from the EIA, Climate Crisis 247 identified the states with the best EV infrastructure. We ranked all 50 states on an equally weighted index of three measures: the population adjusted number of EV charging stations with public use charging ports, the population adjusted number EV charging ports, and the average number of fast-charging ports per charging location. Population estimates used in these calculations are from the U.S. Census Bureau’s 2023 American Community Survey. Only the 25 highest ranking states, as determined by these metrics, appear on this list.

Nationwide, there are about 19 locations with public-use charging ports for every 100,000 people, and about 59 individual charging ports per 100,000 people. Many of the states on this list have a far higher than average concentration of both charging locations and individual charging ports.

While having a place to recharge is critical for EV owners, exactly what type of chargers are available is also important. DC fast chargers, for example, are capable of charging 80% of an EV’s battery in under 20 minutes – while slower, Level 1 and Level 2 chargers can take hours, if not days to power an EV battery to a similar level. As a result, states with more DC fast-charge ports per charging location tend to rank higher on this list.

These are the states with the best EV infrastructure.

25. Wyoming

EV charging locations with public-use ports: 16.6 per 100,000 people – 19th most of 50 states (97 total)
EV charging ports in state: 44.9 per 100,000 people – 22nd most of 50 states (262 total)
Avg. number of DC fast-charge ports per charging location: 3.7 – 25th fewest of 50 states
Total fast-charging ports in state: 116 (44.3% of all charging ports)

24. North Carolina

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EV charging locations with public-use ports: 14.3 per 100,000 people – 24th most of 50 states (1,549 total)
EV charging ports in state: 41.1 per 100,000 people – 25th most of 50 states (4,454 total)
Avg. number of DC fast-charge ports per charging location: 4.1 – 18th most of 50 states
Total fast-charging ports in state: 1,011 (22.7% of all charging ports)

23. Kansas

EV charging locations with public-use ports: 15.4 per 100,000 people – 22nd most of 50 states (452 total)
EV charging ports in state: 42.3 per 100,000 people – 24th most of 50 states (1,243 total)
Avg. number of DC fast-charge ports per charging location: 4.0 – 21st most of 50 states
Total fast-charging ports in state: 228 (18.3% of all charging ports)

22. South Carolina

*Photo by Jaxon Matthew Willis on Pexels*

EV charging locations with public-use ports: 9.6 per 100,000 people – 10th fewest of 50 states (514 total)
EV charging ports in state: 28.0 per 100,000 people – 12th fewest of 50 states (1,507 total)
Avg. number of DC fast-charge ports per charging location: 4.9 – 6th most of 50 states
Total fast-charging ports in state: 479 (31.8% of all charging ports)

21. New Hampshire

EV charging locations with public-use ports: 16.5 per 100,000 people – 20th most of 50 states (231 total)
EV charging ports in state: 45.7 per 100,000 people – 21st most of 50 states (641 total)
Avg. number of DC fast-charge ports per charging location: 4.0 – 20th most of 50 states
Total fast-charging ports in state: 182 (28.4% of all charging ports)

20. Oklahoma

EV charging locations with public-use ports: 8.4 per 100,000 people – 7th fewest of 50 states (341 total)
EV charging ports in state: 35.4 per 100,000 people – 22nd fewest of 50 states (1,435 total)
Avg. number of DC fast-charge ports per charging location: 5.0 – 5th most of 50 states
Total fast-charging ports in state: 880 (61.3% of all charging ports)

19. New Jersey

*Photo by Matthis Volquardsen on Pexels*

EV charging locations with public-use ports: 13.8 per 100,000 people – 25th fewest of 50 states (1,281 total)
EV charging ports in state: 44.4 per 100,000 people – 23rd most of 50 states (4,128 total)
Avg. number of DC fast-charge ports per charging location: 4.4 – 13th most of 50 states
Total fast-charging ports in state: 1,034 (25.0% of all charging ports)

18. Texas

EV charging locations with public-use ports: 10.6 per 100,000 people – 14th fewest of 50 states (3,230 total)
EV charging ports in state: 32.8 per 100,000 people – 18th fewest of 50 states (10,004 total)
Avg. number of DC fast-charge ports per charging location: 5.3 – 3rd most of 50 states
Total fast-charging ports in state: 2,377 (23.8% of all charging ports)

17. Delaware

EV charging locations with public-use ports: 19.2 per 100,000 people – 14th most of 50 states (198 total)
EV charging ports in state: 56.2 per 100,000 people – 16th most of 50 states (580 total)
Avg. number of DC fast-charge ports per charging location: 3.9 – 22nd most of 50 states
Total fast-charging ports in state: 204 (35.2% of all charging ports)

16. Rhode Island

EV charging locations with public-use ports: 28.3 per 100,000 people – 7th most of 50 states (310 total)
EV charging ports in state: 81.8 per 100,000 people – 8th most of 50 states (897 total)
Avg. number of DC fast-charge ports per charging location: 2.4 – 4th fewest of 50 states
Total fast-charging ports in state: 92 (10.3% of all charging ports)

15. Virginia

EV charging locations with public-use ports: 17.7 per 100,000 people – 16th most of 50 states (1,543 total)
EV charging ports in state: 58.3 per 100,000 people – 15th most of 50 states (5,078 total)
Avg. number of DC fast-charge ports per charging location: 4.1 – 19th most of 50 states
Total fast-charging ports in state: 1,167 (23.0% of all charging ports)

14. Utah

EV charging locations with public-use ports: 26.0 per 100,000 people – 11th most of 50 states (889 total)
EV charging ports in state: 70.9 per 100,000 people – 13th most of 50 states (2,424 total)
Avg. number of DC fast-charge ports per charging location: 3.1 – 14th fewest of 50 states
Total fast-charging ports in state: 359 (14.8% of all charging ports)

13. Florida

EV charging locations with public-use ports: 14.8 per 100,000 people – 23rd most of 50 states (3,357 total)
EV charging ports in state: 46.8 per 100,000 people – 19th most of 50 states (10,576 total)
Avg. number of DC fast-charge ports per charging location: 4.9 – 7th most of 50 states
Total fast-charging ports in state: 2,254 (21.3% of all charging ports)

12. Maine

EV charging locations with public-use ports: 33.9 per 100,000 people – 5th most of 50 states (473 total)
EV charging ports in state: 81.2 per 100,000 people – 10th most of 50 states (1,133 total)
Avg. number of DC fast-charge ports per charging location: 2.7 – 9th fewest of 50 states
Total fast-charging ports in state: 226 (19.9% of all charging ports)

11. Oregon

EV charging locations with public-use ports: 28.7 per 100,000 people – 6th most of 50 states (1,214 total)
EV charging ports in state: 81.9 per 100,000 people – 7th most of 50 states (3,466 total)
Avg. number of DC fast-charge ports per charging location: 3.1 – 13th fewest of 50 states
Total fast-charging ports in state: 827 (23.9% of all charging ports)

10. New York

EV charging locations with public-use ports: 21.1 per 100,000 people – 13th most of 50 states (4,127 total)
EV charging ports in state: 74.6 per 100,000 people – 11th most of 50 states (14,605 total)
Avg. number of DC fast-charge ports per charging location: 4.1 – 17th most of 50 states
Total fast-charging ports in state: 1,484 (10.2% of all charging ports)

9. Maryland

EV charging locations with public-use ports: 27.8 per 100,000 people – 8th most of 50 states (1,719 total)
EV charging ports in state: 90.4 per 100,000 people – 6th most of 50 states (5,589 total)
Avg. number of DC fast-charge ports per charging location: 3.2 – 17th fewest of 50 states
Total fast-charging ports in state: 990 (17.7% of all charging ports)

8. Washington

EV charging locations with public-use ports: 27.7 per 100,000 people – 9th most of 50 states (2,161 total)
EV charging ports in state: 81.6 per 100,000 people – 9th most of 50 states (6,372 total)
Avg. number of DC fast-charge ports per charging location: 3.6 – 24th fewest of 50 states
Total fast-charging ports in state: 1,173 (18.4% of all charging ports)

7. Colorado

EV charging locations with public-use ports: 36.5 per 100,000 people – 4th most of 50 states (2,148 total)
EV charging ports in state: 100.4 per 100,000 people – 4th most of 50 states (5,899 total)
Avg. number of DC fast-charge ports per charging location: 2.7 – 8th fewest of 50 states
Total fast-charging ports in state: 1,018 (17.3% of all charging ports)

6. Arizona

EV charging locations with public-use ports: 16.1 per 100,000 people – 21st most of 50 states (1,197 total)
EV charging ports in state: 52.2 per 100,000 people – 17th most of 50 states (3,882 total)
Avg. number of DC fast-charge ports per charging location: 6.2 – 2nd most of 50 states
Total fast-charging ports in state: 1,033 (26.6% of all charging ports)

5. Connecticut

EV charging locations with public-use ports: 26.1 per 100,000 people – 10th most of 50 states (943 total)
EV charging ports in state: 96.2 per 100,000 people – 5th most of 50 states (3,481 total)
Avg. number of DC fast-charge ports per charging location: 4.1 – 14th most of 50 states
Total fast-charging ports in state: 464 (13.3% of all charging ports)

4. Nevada

EV charging locations with public-use ports: 18.3 per 100,000 people – 15th most of 50 states (585 total)
EV charging ports in state: 71.7 per 100,000 people – 12th most of 50 states (2,291 total)
Avg. number of DC fast-charge ports per charging location: 6.3 – the most of 50 states
Total fast-charging ports in state: 641 (28.0% of all charging ports)

3. Massachusetts

EV charging locations with public-use ports: 42.9 per 100,000 people – 2nd most of 50 states (3,002 total)
EV charging ports in state: 114.1 per 100,000 people – 3rd most of 50 states (7,989 total)
Avg. number of DC fast-charge ports per charging location: 3.8 – 24th most of 50 states
Total fast-charging ports in state: 718 (9.0% of all charging ports)

2. Vermont

EV charging locations with public-use ports: 59.0 per 100,000 people – the most of 50 states (382 total)
EV charging ports in state: 165.9 per 100,000 people – the most of 50 states (1,074 total)
Avg. number of DC fast-charge ports per charging location: 2.2 – 3rd fewest of 50 states
Total fast-charging ports in state: 129 (12.0% of all charging ports)

1. California

EV charging locations with public-use ports: 41.6 per 100,000 people – 3rd most of 50 states (16,197 total)
EV charging ports in state: 142.0 per 100,000 people – 2nd most of 50 states (55,330 total)
Avg. number of DC fast-charge ports per charging location: 5.1 – 4th most of 50 states
Total fast-charging ports in state: 11,278 (20.4% of all charging ports)

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